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Trial registered on ANZCTR


Registration number
ACTRN12617000880347
Ethics application status
Approved
Date submitted
4/05/2017
Date registered
15/06/2017
Date last updated
3/10/2018
Type of registration
Prospectively registered

Titles & IDs
Public title
A pilot of a school-based program to foster effective bystander responses to racism and racial bullying among teachers and students in Australian schools.
Scientific title
A pilot of a school-based program to foster effective bystander responses to racism and racial bullying among teachers and students in Australian schools.
Secondary ID [1] 291084 0
nil
Universal Trial Number (UTN)
U1111-1192-5161
Trial acronym
SOAR
Linked study record

Health condition
Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied:
social and emotional difficulties 301885 0
racial bullying 303133 0
Condition category
Condition code
Mental Health 301556 301556 0 0
Other mental health disorders

Intervention/exposure
Study type
Interventional
Description of intervention(s) / exposure
Delivery of a program tailored to Australian schools that aims to foster proactive bystander responses to racism and racial bullying. This program will occur over 2 school terms. Teachers will attend 2x1 day training workshops at beginning of the program. During the first term there will be; teacher-led class-based lessons and activities (e.g. raising awareness of racism, self reflection, narrative development) 1x45min-1 hr lesson per week for 8 weeks and a student-led development of a class charter re. anti-racism and other materials such as posters and post-cards 1x40min session per fortnight for 12 weeks (facilitated by teachers). Posters and post-cards will be used to communicate to students' families and school community their learnings from the program. The program has been designed specifically for the study and informed by the Kiva model and Paluck's Roots curriculum. In the second term there will be a program working with 'influencers' in the classroom to develop anti-racism and anti-bullying materials to help other students intervene in a conflict such as fact-sheets and online materials (1x40min session per fortnight for 10 weeks). Influencers will be chosen by their peers/classmates and receive instruction from teachers (1x40min meeting per fortnight for 10 weeks with teachers). Over the 2 terms there will be regular debrief/meetings between teachers and researchers to discuss progress and issues (1x1hr session for 24 weeks). Intervention adherence or fidelity will be assessed by interviews with teachers and focus groups with students by researchers. Teachers delivering the classroom activities and materials will also be given a diary to record the date of each activity, duration and any other notes. Researchers will evaluate these diaries.
Intervention code [1] 297069 0
Treatment: Other
Intervention code [2] 297070 0
Behaviour
Intervention code [3] 298008 0
Prevention
Comparator / control treatment
no treatment
Control group
Active

Outcomes
Primary outcome [1] 300966 0
Bystander responses (students) as assessed by questionnaire (adapted from Participant Role Questionnaire, Salmivalli et al 2011 )
Timepoint [1] 300966 0
baseline and 6 months post-intervention commencement
Primary outcome [2] 300967 0
Self-efficacy to intervene (students) as assessed by questionnaire (from 'self efficacy factor' Steven et al 2000)
Timepoint [2] 300967 0
baseline and 6 months post-intervention commencement
Primary outcome [3] 302405 0
Self-efficacy to intervene (teachers) as assessed by questions developed specifically for this study
Timepoint [3] 302405 0
baseline and 6 months post-intervention commencement.
Secondary outcome [1] 331290 0
peer prosocial norms (students) as assessed by questionnaire (the Peer Prosocial Norms measure, Spivak et al 2015)
Timepoint [1] 331290 0
baseline and 6 months post-intervention commencement
Secondary outcome [2] 331291 0
perceived school climate (students ) as assessed by questionnaire (adapted from School Interracial Climate Scale, Green et al 1988)
Timepoint [2] 331291 0
baseline and 6 months post-intervention commencement
Secondary outcome [3] 334480 0
social and emotional wellbeing (students) as assessed by questionnaire Social Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)
Timepoint [3] 334480 0
baseline and 6 months post-intervention commencement
Secondary outcome [4] 334481 0
school connectedness (students) assessed by questionnaire (School connectedness, Benner and Graham 2014)
Timepoint [4] 334481 0
baseline and 6 months post-intervention commencement
Secondary outcome [5] 334482 0
sleep habits (students) as assessed by questionnaire (adapted from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children)
Timepoint [5] 334482 0
baseline and 6 months post-intervention commencement
Secondary outcome [6] 334483 0
racial attitudes (students) as assessed by questionnaire (Preschool Racial Attitude Measure II adapted from Cameron et al 2007)
Timepoint [6] 334483 0
baseline and 6 months post-intervention commencement
Secondary outcome [7] 334484 0
observed racial bullying, harassment and discrimination (teachers) as assessed by questions developed specifically for this study
Timepoint [7] 334484 0
baseline and 6 months post-intervention commencement
Secondary outcome [8] 335877 0
perceived school climate (teachers) as assessed by questions developed specifically for this study
Timepoint [8] 335877 0
baseline and 6 months post-intervention commencement
Secondary outcome [9] 335878 0
racial attitudes (teachers) as assessed by questionnaire (Affective/feelings thermometer adapted from Australian Survey of Attitudes and Values survey 2016)
Timepoint [9] 335878 0
baseline and 6 months post-intervention commencement

Eligibility
Key inclusion criteria
1. students from Year 5-6
2. classroom teachers
Minimum age
10 Years
Maximum age
No limit
Sex
Both males and females
Can healthy volunteers participate?
Yes
Key exclusion criteria
n/a

Study design
Purpose of the study
Educational / counselling / training
Allocation to intervention
Non-randomised trial
Procedure for enrolling a subject and allocating the treatment (allocation concealment procedures)
Methods used to generate the sequence in which subjects will be randomised (sequence generation)
Masking / blinding
Open (masking not used)
Who is / are masked / blinded?



Intervention assignment
Other design features
Phase
Not Applicable
Type of endpoint/s
Statistical methods / analysis
Relationships between collected variables will be examined using bivariate correlations (e.g. Pearson’s product-moment/Spearman’s rank correlations or Chi- squared tests/Fisher’s exact test as appropriate), multivariable regression including mediation analysis, factor analysis and structural equation/latent class modeling.

Recruitment
Recruitment status
Completed
Date of first participant enrolment
Anticipated
19/06/2017
Actual
4/09/2017
Date of last participant enrolment
Anticipated
30/11/2017
Actual
15/12/2017
Date of last data collection
Anticipated
27/07/2018
Actual
20/09/2018
Sample size
Target
1200
Accrual to date
Final
559
Recruitment in Australia
Recruitment state(s)
NSW,VIC

Funding & Sponsors
Funding source category [1] 295520 0
Government body
Name [1] 295520 0
Australian Research Council
Country [1] 295520 0
Australia
Funding source category [2] 296093 0
Government body
Name [2] 296093 0
Department of Education and Training
Country [2] 296093 0
Australia
Funding source category [3] 296094 0
Government body
Name [3] 296094 0
Department of Education
Country [3] 296094 0
Australia
Primary sponsor type
University
Name
Australian National University
Address
Acton ACT 2601
Australia
Country
Australia
Secondary sponsor category [1] 294339 0
University
Name [1] 294339 0
Western Sydney University
Address [1] 294339 0
Locked Bag 1797
Penrith NSW 2751
Country [1] 294339 0
Australia
Other collaborator category [1] 279517 0
Government body
Name [1] 279517 0
Australian Human Rights Commission
Address [1] 279517 0
GPO Box 5218
SYDNEY NSW 2001
Country [1] 279517 0
Australia

Ethics approval
Ethics application status
Approved
Ethics committee name [1] 296845 0
Australian National University Human Research Ethics Committee
Ethics committee address [1] 296845 0
Research Integrity & Compliance Research Services Division
Level 2, Birch Building 36 Science Road, ANU
The Australian NaWonal University Acton ACT 2601
Ethics committee country [1] 296845 0
Australia
Date submitted for ethics approval [1] 296845 0
22/03/2016
Approval date [1] 296845 0
26/08/2016
Ethics approval number [1] 296845 0
2016/168
Ethics committee name [2] 297350 0
Victorian Department of Education and Training Ethics Committee
Ethics committee address [2] 297350 0
VIC Department of Education and Training
Level 3, 33 St Andrews Place, East Melbourne VIC 3002
Ethics committee country [2] 297350 0
Australia
Date submitted for ethics approval [2] 297350 0
Approval date [2] 297350 0
28/03/2017
Ethics approval number [2] 297350 0
2016_003244
Ethics committee name [3] 297351 0
State Education Research Applications Process
Ethics committee address [3] 297351 0
NSW Department of Education
Level 1, 1 Oxford St
Darlinghurst NSW 2010
Ethics committee country [3] 297351 0
Australia
Date submitted for ethics approval [3] 297351 0
Approval date [3] 297351 0
13/02/2017
Ethics approval number [3] 297351 0
2016627

Summary
Brief summary
Racism and racial bullying are important issues in the lives of many Australian children and young people, especially at school. This project will substantially increase understandings of bystander responses (including their extent, nature, potential, merits, benefits, constraints) as a means of countering racism and racial bullying among Australian school students. This will be achieved through examining experiences of, attitudes towards, and responses to, racism and racial bullying among school students; identifying health, wellbeing, education and social outcomes of racism and racial bullying for individuals, schools and communities; exploring the enablers and obstacles associated with bystander responses to racism and racial bullying and by developing, piloting and evaluating a school-based program to foster proactive bystander responses to racism and racial bullying.
Trial website
http://csrm.cass.anu.edu.au/research/projects/soar-speak-out-against-racism
Trial related presentations / publications
Public notes

Contacts
Principal investigator
Name 72206 0
Dr Naomi Priest
Address 72206 0
Rm 2.30 Beryl Rawson Building (Building 13)
Ellery Crescent
ANU Centre for Social Research and Methods
Australian National University
Canberra ACT 2606
Country 72206 0
Australia
Phone 72206 0
+61 (0) 2 6125 4849
Fax 72206 0
Email 72206 0
[email protected]
Contact person for public queries
Name 72207 0
Naomi Priest
Address 72207 0
Rm 2.30 Beryl Rawson Building (Building 13)
Ellery Crescent
ANU Centre for Social Research and Methods
Australian National University
Canberra ACT 2606
Country 72207 0
Australia
Phone 72207 0
+61 (0) 2 6125 4849
Fax 72207 0
Email 72207 0
[email protected]
Contact person for scientific queries
Name 72208 0
Naomi Priest
Address 72208 0
Rm 2.30 Beryl Rawson Building (Building 13)
Ellery Crescent
ANU Centre for Social Research and Methods
Australian National University
Canberra ACT 2606
Country 72208 0
Australia
Phone 72208 0
+61 (0) 2 6125 4849
Fax 72208 0
Email 72208 0
[email protected]

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Results publications and other study-related documents

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