Trial Review

Did you know?

The ANZCTR now automatically displays published trial results and simplifies the addition of trial documents such as unpublished protocols and statistical analysis plans.

These enhancements will offer a more comprehensive view of trials, regardless of whether their results are positive, negative, or inconclusive.

The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been endorsed by the ANZCTR. Before participating in a study, talk to your health care provider and refer to this information for consumers
Trial registered on ANZCTR


Registration number
ACTRN12610000210077
Ethics application status
Approved
Date submitted
1/06/2009
Date registered
15/03/2010
Date last updated
8/03/2016
Type of registration
Prospectively registered

Titles & IDs
Public title
Preventing pneumococcal disease in people without spleens (asplenia) and with poorly functioning spleens (hyposplenia)
Scientific title
In patient without spleens or with poorly functioning ones does a newly licensed paediatric pneumococcal conjugate vaccine assist with preventing pneumococcal sepsis in preventing deaths or severe impairments (which are very costly) from overwhelming post splenectomy sepsis
Universal Trial Number (UTN)
Trial acronym
PAPI Prevention of Asplenic Pneumococcal infection
Linked study record

Health condition
Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied:
Improving and sustaining pneumococcal antibodies in asplenic patients 4892 0
Better understanding of pneumococcal vaccine regimes in asplenic/hyposplenic patients 4893 0
Asplenia and Hyposplenia 256882 0
Condition category
Condition code
Infection 237250 237250 0 0
Other infectious diseases
Public Health 257030 257030 0 0
Health service research
Infection 257031 257031 0 0
Studies of infection and infectious agents

Intervention/exposure
Study type
Interventional
Description of intervention(s) / exposure
Asplenic adults and children aged over 10 years will be administered a licensed pneumococcal 10 valent conjugate vaccine (Synflorix). This is a 10 valent polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine containing saccharides of the capsular antigen of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) serotypes 1,4, 5 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F individually conjugated to protein D (PD) carrier protein derived from Non-typable Haemophilus inlfuenzae, serotype 18C conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) carrier protein, and 19F conjugated to diphtheria toxoid (DT) carrier protein. It will be given once to patients in 3 arms of the study and omitted from the 4th arm (they will have pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine only).
Intervention code [1] 236683 0
Treatment: Drugs
Intervention code [2] 236684 0
Prevention
Comparator / control treatment
We will be inviting people over 10 years of age and adults, without spleens, to be randomised to have either the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Synflorix) or the polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumovax 23). There are 4 arms to the study and they vary according to the times thay are adminstered. Synflorix vaccine is a 10 valent polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine containing saccharides of the capsular antigen of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) serotypes 1,4, 5 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F individually conjugated to protein D (PD) carrier protein derived from Non-typable Haemophilus inlfuenzae, serotype 18C conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) carrier protein, and 19F conjugated to diphtheria toxoid (DT) carrier protein. Both vaccines are given intramuscular injection (IMI). Patients will have a 1:4 chance of receiving Pneumovax 23 and a 3:4 chance of receiving the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Both are licensened vaccines - the Synflorix is only licensed for children.
Control group
Active

Outcomes
Primary outcome [1] 238064 0
Objectives
Primary
1(a) To describe the serotype specific immune response in Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) naive and experienced hyposplenic adults and children >10 years of age 6 weeks following Streptococcus pneumoniae SP conjugate vaccine (PCV10) as measured by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) geometric mean titre (GMT)
1(b) To describe the functional serotype specific immune response in SP polysaccharide (PPV23) vaccine naive and experienced hyposplenic adults and children >10 years of age 6 weeks following Streptococcus pneumoniae SP conjugate vaccine (PCV10) as measured by the opsonophagocytic assay (OPA) geometric mean titre (GMT)

2(a) To compare the quantitative serotype specific immune response as measured by the ELISA geometric mean concentration (GMC) 6 weeks after receiving a first dose of PPV23 performed 6 weeks (early) or 6 months (late) after PCV10 vaccination in adults and children who have not previously been exposed to PPV23 vaccine
2(b) To compare the functional serotype specific immune response 6 weeks as measured by the OPA GMT after receiving a first dose of PPV23 performed 6 weeks (early) or 6 months (late) after PCV10 vaccination in adults and children who have not previously been exposed to PPV23 vaccine

3 In PPV23 experienced hyposplenic adults and children, describe the immune persistence prior to revaccination with PCV10 or PPV23 of serotype specific antibodies against 10 serotypes contained in PPV23 prior to revaccination, measured by ELISA.

4(a) In PPV23 experienced hyposplenic adults and children compare quantitative serotype specific ELISA immune responses to (a) PCV10 followed by PPV23, with (b) PPV23, measured 6 weeks following PPV23
4(b) In PPV23 experienced hyposplenic adults and children compare functional serotype specific OPA immune responses to (a) PCV10 followed by PPV23, with (b) PPV23, measured 6 weeks following PPV23
Timepoint [1] 238064 0
Visit 1 (day 0) The Investigator (or delegate) must obtain the written informed consent of the participant or parent(s)/guardian(s) according to local laws and requirements before any study-related procedures are performed. Once consent has been obtained the full eligibility check list will be assessed.

Participants who meet all of the inclusion and none of the exclusion criteria and have provided written consent will be allocated to one of 4 treatment groups according to their previous exposure to PCV23 (those with previous exposure randomised between Groups 1 and 2 and those with no exposure between Groups 3 and 4).

The following procedures will be conducted prior to randomisation and the results recorded in the participant's case report forms (CRFs): Medical history (including immunisation history), Demographic data (date of birth, gender, weight, height).Vital signs including temperature (using a digital thermometer), (supine, if possible) blood pressure, pulse and respiratory rate.
Blood samples: full blood examination, pneumococcal ELISA, opsonophagocytic assay). Review of prior and concomitant medication. Once randomised, study vaccines will be administered according to group allocation:
Groups 1-3: PCV10
Groups 4: PPV23
At this time concomitant licensed vaccines will also be administered if indicated and requested by treating physician, including any of:Meningococcal vaccine, Haemphilus influenzae type b vaccine, Influenza vaccine
Participants will be required to complete a 7-Day Diary Card (to record and grade the severity of solicited adverse events (AEs)) for the next 6 days following administration of the vaccine (commencing on the evening of the day of administration). The participant will be given a study thermometer along with instructions on its use.
Visit 2 (6 week visit) The following procedures will be conducted and the results recorded in the participant's medical records and CRF: Brief targeted examination by the research nurse noting any changes since previous visit will be conducted. Measurement of vital signs (oral/axillary temperature, blood pressure, pulse and respiratory rate). Record any AEs that have occurred since the last visit
Review of concomitant medication.
Blood samples for: Immunogenicity (pneumococcal ELISA, opsonophagocytic assay).
Groups 1 and 3 only: give pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV). Ask participant to complete the 7-Day Diary Cards and provide instruction for their completion. Diary Card completion should commence on the evening of Visit 2. Instruct the participant or parent(s)/guardian(s) to contact the Investigator immediately if any significant illness or any hospitalisation occurs during the study period, or if temperature >37.5 degrees celsius.
Visit 3 (3 months: Groups 1 and 3 only)
A brief targeted examination by the research nurse noting any changes since previous visit will be conducted
Blood samples for Immunogenicity (pneumococcal ELISA, opsonophagocytic assay), Record and review AEs, Collection and review of concomitant medication.
Visit 4 (6 months: Group 2 only)
A brief targeted examination by the research nurse noting any changes since previous visit will be conducted
Blood samples for:Immunogenicity (pneumococcal ELISA, opsonophagocytic assay), Record and review AEs. Collection and review of concomitant medication.
Administer study vaccine: PPV.
Visit 5 (7.5 months: Group 2 only)
A brief targeted examination by the research nurse noting any changes since previous visit will be conducted, Record and review AEs, Collection of 7-Day Diary Card and review of concomitant medication, Blood samples for Immunogenicity (pneumococcal ELISA, opsonophagocytic assay)
Completion visit 6 (18 months): Visit 4 (Group 1 & 3), Visit 6 (Group 2), Visit 3 (Groups 4) A brief targeted examination by the research nurse noting any changes since previous visit will be conducted, Record and review AEs and serious adverse events (SAEs), Review of concomitant medications and vaccines during study period.Blood samples for:
Immunogenicity (pneumococcal ELISA, opsonophagocytic assay)
Secondary outcome [1] 242251 0
Persistence of serotype specific anti-pneumococcal antibodies as measured by ELISA antibodies
Timepoint [1] 242251 0
see above in timepoint 1

Eligibility
Key inclusion criteria
People with a histroy of splenectomy (asplenia) and those with a diagnosis of hyposplenism that is confirmed by presence of Howell Jolly bodies (HJBs) on blood film. To participate in trial patients must be over 10 years of age.
Minimum age
10 Years
Maximum age
No limit
Sex
Both males and females
Can healthy volunteers participate?
No
Key exclusion criteria
STUDY PARTICIPANTS: Patients who (i) could not comply with study commitments (ii) receiving cancer therapy, (iii) received pneumococal polysaccharide vaccine in previous three years

Study design
Purpose of the study
Treatment
Allocation to intervention
Randomised controlled trial
Procedure for enrolling a subject and allocating the treatment (allocation concealment procedures)
Asplenic subjects, according to their prior PPV23 experience categories (naive 2 or experienced) in each category will be prospectively randomised to one of two treatment groups (Naive 2 to Groups 1 or 2; Experienced to Groups 3 or 4) in a 1:1 ratio, according to a randomisation schedule generated by the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Childrens Research Iinstitue/Royal Children's Hospital.
Methods used to generate the sequence in which subjects will be randomised (sequence generation)
Randomisation will be stratified by previous exposure to PPV23, site and participant’s age, giving a total of 12 strata. The randomisation schedule will be computer generated using block randomisation with random block sizes by Clinical Epidemiology and Biostats Unit (CEBU) at RCH who will keep a confidential copy.
Masking / blinding
Open (masking not used)
Who is / are masked / blinded?



Intervention assignment
Parallel
Other design features
Multicentre
Phase
Phase 4
Type of endpoint/s
Pharmacokinetics
Statistical methods / analysis

Recruitment
Recruitment status
Not yet recruiting
Date of first participant enrolment
Anticipated
20/03/2010
Actual
Date of last participant enrolment
Anticipated
Actual
Date of last data collection
Anticipated
Actual
Sample size
Target
250
Accrual to date
Final
Recruitment in Australia
Recruitment state(s)
Recruitment postcode(s) [1] 1776 0
3004
Recruitment postcode(s) [2] 1777 0
3025
Recruitment postcode(s) [3] 1778 0
2034
Recruitment postcode(s) [4] 1779 0
3168

Funding & Sponsors
Funding source category [1] 5069 0
Government body
Name [1] 5069 0
National Health and Medical Research
Country [1] 5069 0
Australia
Primary sponsor type
Government body
Name
National Health and Medical Research
Address
National Health and Medical Research Council
GPO Box 1421
Canberra ACT 2601
Country
Australia
Secondary sponsor category [1] 4578 0
Hospital
Name [1] 4578 0
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital
Address [1] 4578 0
Flemington Rd, Parkville Victoria 3052,
Country [1] 4578 0
Australia
Other collaborator category [1] 698 0
Hospital
Name [1] 698 0
Alfred hospital
Address [1] 698 0
Commercial Road
Melbourne Victoria 3004
Country [1] 698 0
Australia

Ethics approval
Ethics application status
Approved
Ethics committee name [1] 239172 0
Alfred Health
Ethics committee address [1] 239172 0
Alfred Hospital, Hospital Research Ethics Committee, Commercial Road, Prahran Victoria 3181
Ethics committee country [1] 239172 0
Australia
Date submitted for ethics approval [1] 239172 0
20/05/2009
Approval date [1] 239172 0
11/06/2009
Ethics approval number [1] 239172 0
HREC 161/09

Summary
Brief summary
Background

There are thousands of Australians who live without a spleen (asplenia) or have a poorly functioning one (hyposplenia). These people are at a significantly increased risk of life-threatening infections (sepsis).The spleen’s main function is to remove bacteria (bugs) from the blood and therefore plays a very important role in the body’s immune system. The most common bacteria that causes problems for people without or with poorly functioning spleens is the pneumococcus bacteria. Asplenic/hyposplenic patients are more than 200 times more likely to develop pneumococcal sepsis than those with normal spleen function. The mortality rate from pneumococcal sepsis for patients without functioning spleens is extremely high at 40-70%. Even if patients do survive they can be left with severe impairment (morbidity). It is well known that this increased risk of acquiring severe sepsis is a lifelong risk with the majority of life-threatening episodes of infection occurring more than 10 years after spleen removal.


Patients that take antibiotics every day have been shown to have some protection against pneumococcal sepsis. Asplenic/hyposplenic patients are also routinely vaccinated against pneumococcus in an attempt to reduce morbidity and mortality. It is currently not very clear to medical practitioners what the optimal vaccine regimes are to protect this group of patients against pneumococcus, either initially, or for repeat immunisations later in life. Newer pneumococcal vaccines have proven safe and effective in reducing pneumococcal sepsis in young children and may also offer promise for asplenic/hyposplenic older children and adults in addition to the existing pneumococcal vaccine.

2. What is the purpose of this study?

This study aims to identify the best way to immunise children and adults, who either do not have a spleen or have a poorly functioning one, against pneumococcal disease. There are three main ways to prevent getting bacterial infections in people like you. These are (i) taking antibiotics every day and/or having an emergency supply of antibiotics, (ii) immunisations and (iii) education. However sometimes patients, despite following the recommendations, get pneumococcal infections. Many pneumococcal vaccine research studies in the past have not included people without spleens or poorly functioning ones, so little is known about how these patients respond to the well known vaccinations.

There are some new pneumococcal vaccines that have been shown to work better in young children than the older type vaccines. The study team is particularly interested in finding out if these newer vaccines might, in addition to using the routine vaccines, provide better antibody levels to protect against pneumococcal disease and will give the researchers information on when is the best time to administer the new vaccine, This vaccine study will not only target older children and adults who have not had any previous doses of pneumococcal vaccines but it will also include those who may have had at least one pneumococcal vaccine and or those who will require further “booster” doses of vaccine.

3. How many people are involved in this study?

This study will be conducted in three sites in Melbourne (the Royal Children’s Hospital, Monash Medical Centre and The Alfred hospital) and a further site in Sydney (Prince of Wales Hospital). A total of 220 people will be invited to participate, 110 participants who have previously received the routinely used pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) and 110 people who have not. Participants will be adults and children aged over 10 years who are asplenic/hyposplenic.

4. What type of research is this study?

This is a study comparing different ways of immunising asplenic/hyposplenic children and adults to see which gives the highest and longer lasting levels of protective antibodies against pneumococcus.

Children and adults with asplenia/hyposplenia will be randomly assigned (like flipping a coin) to one of two treatment groups based on whether or not they have previously received the PPV23 vaccine.

This research study has been reviewed and approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee at each of the four hospital sites. It is the role of this committee to make sure that research participants are protected from harm.
Trial website
No specific website however there will be information about this trial on the Victiorian Spleen Registry (VSR) website - www.spleen.org.au
Trial related presentations / publications
nil yet
Public notes

Contacts
Principal investigator
Name 29678 0
Address 29678 0
Country 29678 0
Phone 29678 0
Fax 29678 0
Email 29678 0
Contact person for public queries
Name 12925 0
Penelope Jones
Address 12925 0
Victorian Spleen Registry
85 Commercial Road
Melbourne Victoria 3004
Country 12925 0
Australia
Phone 12925 0
61 3 9076 3828
Fax 12925 0
61 3 9076 2431
Email 12925 0
[email protected]
Contact person for scientific queries
Name 3853 0
Dr Jim Buttery
Address 3853 0
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville Victoria 3052
Country 3853 0
Australia
Phone 3853 0
61 3 9345 4772
Fax 3853 0
61 3 9345 4163
Email 3853 0
[email protected]

No information has been provided regarding IPD availability


What supporting documents are/will be available?

No Supporting Document Provided



Results publications and other study-related documents

Documents added manually
No documents have been uploaded by study researchers.

Documents added automatically
No additional documents have been identified.